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<DIV>Good Evening Everyone,</DIV>
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<DIV>Below is this week's edition. Enjoy!</DIV>
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<DIV>Steve Detwiler</DIV>
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<DIV> </DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Weekly Science Report</SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">December 18, 2009</SPAN></B>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><FONT size=3>“In faith and hope the world will disagree, but all mankind's concern is charity.”</FONT></SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Alexander the Great</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><FONT size=3>News Articles</FONT></SPAN></B>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Paleontology, Evolution and Prehistoric Studies</SPAN></U>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Historian Asks, 'What On Earth Evolved?'</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121426659" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=121426659</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Prehistoric Pygmy Sea Cow Discovered in Madagascar</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/12/091212-pygmy-sea-cow.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/12/091212-pygmy-sea-cow.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Meet "Antonio"- A New Italian Dinosaur</SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/meet-antonio--a-new-italian-dinosaur.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/meet-antonio--a-new-italian-dinosaur.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">French find puts humans in Europe 200,000 years earlier</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.physorg.com/news180110953.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.physorg.com/news180110953.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Genetic studies show modern humans on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 21,000 years ago </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/14/content_12645443.htm" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/14/content_12645443.htm</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Mammoths lived later than previously thought</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34435240/ns/technology_and_science-science/" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34435240/ns/technology_and_science-science/</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Stone Age Pantry: Archaeologist Unearths Earliest Evidence of Modern Humans Using Wild Grains and Tubers for Food</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091217141312.htm" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091217141312.htm</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Science's breakthrough of the year: Uncovering 'Ardi'</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-12/aaft-bo121109.php" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-12/aaft-bo121109.php</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">UF researcher helps reveal ancient origins of modern opossum</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-12/uof-urh121409.php" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-12/uof-urh121409.php</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
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<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">'Screaming Roadrunner' Ran Circles Around Dinos</SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/screaming-roadrunner-bird-dinosaurs.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/screaming-roadrunner-bird-dinosaurs.html</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
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<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Evolution may take giant leaps</SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.physorg.com/news179737267.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.physorg.com/news179737267.html</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Inside the Nursery That Supercharges Evolution</SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/11/st_evolution_factory" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.wired.com/magazine/2009/11/st_evolution_factory</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
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<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">2010 preview: Arise, Neanderthal brother</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427395.700-2010-preview-arise-neanderthal-brother.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20427395.700-2010-preview-arise-neanderthal-brother.html</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
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<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><BR clear=all></SPAN> </DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Ancient and General History</SPAN></U>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Efforts to save endangered languages</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.physorg.com/news179999981.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.physorg.com/news179999981.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Soup can reopens mystery of doomed Franklin Expedition</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.physorg.com/news180115596.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.physorg.com/news180115596.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Dec. 16, 1832: A Towering Engineer Is Born</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/12/1216gustav-eiffel-born" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/12/1216gustav-eiffel-born</FONT></A></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Bones find from abandoned village 'show tough life of medieval women'</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/dec/17/women-yorkshire-archeaology-find" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/dec/17/women-yorkshire-archeaology-find</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Ancient Book of Mark Found Not So Ancient After All</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091211203717.htm" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091211203717.htm</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Saving Earth From an Asteroid Will Take Diplomats, Not Heroes</SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/12/saving-earth-from-an-asteroid/" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/12/saving-earth-from-an-asteroid/</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Myths of the American Revolution</SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Myths-of-the-American-Revolution.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Myths-of-the-American-Revolution.html</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls?</SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Who-Wrote-the-Dead-Sea-Scrolls.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Who-Wrote-the-Dead-Sea-Scrolls.html</FONT></A></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">3rd Genocide Charge in Cambodian Tribunal</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1948683,00.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow>http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1948683,00.html</A></SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"> </SPAN></SPAN></U>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Spanish dig to find Lorca's remains finds nothing</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091218/ap_on_re_eu/eu_spain_lorca_s_grave" target=_blank rel=nofollow>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091218/ap_on_re_eu/eu_spain_lorca_s_grave</A></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The Young Victoria</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">: How a Queen Shapes Her Destiny<BR><A href="http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1948663,00.html#ixzz0a9U5rbBk" target=_blank rel=nofollow>http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1948663,00.html#ixzz0a9U5rbBk</A></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Thieves steal Auschwitz 'Work Sets You Free' sign</SPAN></H1>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">December 18, 2009</SPAN>
<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Rock Art Redefines ‘Ancient’ </SPAN></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">By DAVID PAGE</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Ridgecrest, Calif. — We were inside Restricted Area R-505 of the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, rolling in a minivan across the vast salt pan of an extinct Pleistocene lake on our way to see a renowned collection of ancient rock art. On the console between the seats was a long-range two-way radio. It was there so that our escort, a civilian Navy public affairs officer named Peggy Shoaf, could keep abreast of where and when any bombs would be dropped — or launched, or whatever — so that we wouldn’t be there when it happened.</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Established in the summer of 1943 in the heat of Allied offensives in the Pacific, China Lake is the Navy’s premier weapons testing range and its largest real estate holding. “Every weapon being used overseas right now was tested here,” Ms. Shoaf said. The property comprises 1.1 million acres of Mojave Desert north of Los Angeles and west of Death Valley, including the Coso Mountain range and an active volcanic field that is one of the largest producers of geothermal electricity in the country. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The base is a haven for wild horses, burros, rattlesnakes and scorpions. It is also home to a complex of remote canyons holding the greatest concentration of ancient rock art in the Western Hemisphere, known as the Coso Petroglyphs. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">With us rode David S. Whitley, an archaeologist and expert on prehistoric rock art and iconographic interpretation. Having visited hundreds of sites all over the world, including Lascaux and Chauvet in France and the Côa Valley in Portugal, he believes the Coso Petroglyphs to be one of the most important rock art sites on earth. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Mr. Whitley estimated that there may be as many as 100,000 images carved into the dark volcanic canyons above the China Lake basin, some as old as 12,000 to 16,000 years, others as recent as the mid-20th century. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Floating across a landscape strewn with more than a half-century’s weapons-testing debris — observation towers, armored vehicles, projectile-riddled shipping containers — I tried to fathom that people had been coming here and making art since at least 90 centuries before the founding of Rome.</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">“It was a very different place then,” Mr. Whitley explained, conjuring the end of the last ice age, 18,000 years ago, the melting of glaciers, the system of saline lakes across what is now called the Great Basin. “This had water over 100 feet deep,” he said. Mammoths, saber-toothed cats and giant Pleistocene bison still roamed the upland peninsulas. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Then, progressively, and with big ups and downs, the climate grew hotter and drier. The lakes and big animals disappeared, the pinyon and juniper woodlands moved up in elevation, and life for humans got significantly more difficult. And yet for many thousands of years thereafter people continued to carve figures and designs into the rocks.</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">We turned onto a washboard gravel road and 12 minutes later came to a small parking area, 49 road miles inside the base’s main gate at the edge of Ridgecrest. On this November day the thermometer read 43 degrees, but the air was still and the sun felt warm. We shouldered our lunches and camera gear and walked out along a path made of interlocking plastic tiles laid down in recent years so that Shoshone tribal elders could reach the site without having to struggle in the soft sand. Almost immediately we were in what is known as Little Petroglyph Canyon.</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Everywhere we looked, for a mile or so down canyon, there were images pecked or scratched into the rock faces: stylized human figures in a variety of headgear, stick figures with bows and arrows, dogs or coyotes, bear paws with extra digits, all manner of abstract geometric patterns, zigzags and circles and dots, and hundreds upon hundreds of what looked like bighorn sheep, some small, some larger than life size. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Theories abound as to what the images might mean — all but the most recent, that is — or why they were put there. Some archaeologists believe that the images are evidence of simple hunting rituals. Mr. Whitley sees in them nothing less than the origins of human creativity and religion. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">He theorizes, based on his research, that the petroglyphs are the work of generations of shamans, or medicine men, who traveled here (from all over what is now the southwestern United States) to fast and smoke native tobacco, to hallucinate or have visions, and to render their hallucinations on the rock. Perhaps the goal was to make rain. Perhaps it was to impress upon their followers a sense of the supernatural. Either way, where some might see a dearth of material wealth and technology, Mr. Whitley sees evidence of cognitive sophistication. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">“We think of intelligence as expressed in iPods and the latest iPhone,” he said. But technology is often a poor substitute for knowledge: “Drop any of us in Death Valley and unless we had an RV fully stocked with all sorts of supplies we’d be dead in a week,” he said. The people who came before us, on the other hand, were adapted to this environment, so they could survive with nothing but what they could find or make, in a way that, he said, “runs counter to our technological materialistic view, is probably more admirable, and certainly more sustainable.”</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">For a time, after 9/11, civilian visits to the petroglyphs were suspended. “There’s always a risk when you let civilians into a secured area,” Ms. Shoaf said. But she said she felt the place was too precious for the public not to have access. So she rewrote the protocol to show the commanding officer how it might be possible to allow tours and still protect the base’s security. He agreed. More than 1,100 civilians visit the site every year, either on tours available to the public or as part of private tours with command-approved escorts arranged through Ms. Shoaf’s office.</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">We rested near the southern end of the canyon, sitting on the rocks in the sun and tucking into our lunches. I looked at one particularly elaborate frieze of images and tried to imagine what it would be like to spend four days here without food, smoking a native plant and thinking about the cosmos. I tried to imagine the distance between myself and the person who made those images. Then we stowed our garbage in our packs, made our way back up to the minivan and headed down to the base’s armaments museum, evidence of more modern human creativity of a different kind.</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Deep-sea glider</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><BR>The first robot to cross the Atlantic offers new possibilities for ocean and climate research</SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">By David Brown<BR><BR></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Washington Post Staff Writer<BR>Tuesday, December 15, 2009 </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">She was at sea for 221 days. She was alone, often in dangerous places, and usually out of touch. Her predecessor had disappeared on a similar trip, probably killed by a shark. Yet she was always able to do what was asked, to head in a different direction on a moment's notice and report back without complaint. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">So is it any surprise tears were shed when people could finally wrap their arms around her steel torso once more? </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"She was a hero," said Rutgers University oceanographer Scott Glenn last week after retrieving an aquatic glider called the Scarlet Knight from the stormy Atlantic off western Spain. The 7-foot-9-inch submersible device, shaped like a large-winged torpedo, had just become the first robot to cross an ocean. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Named after the New Jersey university's athletic teams and officially designated RU-27 in a long line of related devices, this one was always known simply as "Scarlet." Like Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis, or perhaps Columbus's Pinta and Niña, it seemed more a living thing than a mechanical conveyance. But unlike them, Scarlet crossed the Atlantic without a single passenger. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The people responsible for building, funding and flyingScarlet hope the end of the robot's successful voyage will mark a new start in ocean and climate research. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"We think this will just be a precursor, like Lindbergh's trip across the Atlantic," said Clayton Jones, an engineer at Teledyne Webb Research, in Falmouth, Mass., which made Scarlet. "In a decade we think it will be commonplace to have roving fleets of these gliders making transoceanic trips around the world." </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"This really is a seminal event for us," said Richard W. Spinrad, assistant administrator for research in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "We see gliders as offering a whole new world in our capability of using the oceans to help answer society's questions." </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"We're ready to do it again," Glenn said from Spain last week, where he, a half-dozen members of the Rutgers team, and a U.S. government official went to pick up the glider from Spanish colleagues. "If we can do it once, we can do it 10 times, and if we can do it 10 times, we can do it 100 times." </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">More data</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Gathering more data from the oceans, which cover 71 percent of the Earth's surface, is essential to understanding global climate change. The temperature, salinity and acidity of ocean water are all affected by atmospheric warming and the accumulation of greenhouse gases. The warm surface layer is the engine that drives hurricanes. Changes in currents can portend changes in weather; understanding currents better can be of great practical use to fishing and oceangoing commerce. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"In general, access to the ocean is the limiting factor to those who do ocean science," said Jerry L. Miller, a senior policy analyst at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, who accompanied the research team to Spain. "When we have hundreds of them, or thousands of them, it will revolutionize how we can observe the oceans." </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Currently, oceanographic data are gathered in three ways. Satellites collect information on water temperature, color, currents and other surface features. Subsurface water is sampled by the so-called Argo system of 3,000 untethered buoys that wander the oceans, periodically sinking to depths of up to 6,500 feet to take measurements before rising again to the surface and transmitting the information to shore stations. The third way is with manned research vessels, which can cost up to $30,000 a day to operate. At a price of $100,000 to $150,000 apiece (which is likely to drop once large-scale production begins), fleets of aquatic gliders outfitted with varying arrays of physical, chemical, acoustical and optical sensors promise to increase the store of data considerably at reasonable cost. The U.S. Navy has just ordered 150. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Scarlet's recovery on Dec. 4 ended a trip that began April 27 off the coast of New Jersey. For those seven months she was directed by computer, modem, satellite and GPS device from a control room on the Rutgers campus and, one time, from Palmer Research Station in Antarctica. Most of the time, however, the glider was out of contact underwater, moving slowly up and down to depths of 600 feet, safe from ships, nets and storms. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Along the way, Scarlet took measurements of temperature and salinity of the water. From its position at each surfacing, the researchers could calculate the net effect of currents deep and shallow. After surface currents were measured, the scientists could then make inferences about what was happening deeper in the water column. The data were uploaded to researchers three times a day, when the glider surfaced and called home via an Iridium telephone parked in its tail. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"This robot's life depended on everybody's cooperation, and that motivated people in a way you don't usually see," Glenn said. "It took on this living presence. Everybody wanted to save this robot. She was a force that united scientists from many nations." </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The gliders that follow her are likely to be nameless and thankless drones that wander the seas on automatic pilot, uploading data to other machines. They will have all the personality and sex appeal of weather balloons. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Which is actually the point. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"What we want is to have all sorts of cheap sensors, all tweeting back information to give us that full voice of the sea. Omnipresence -- that's our concept," Glenn said. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Flying through the water</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The analogy to weather balloons -- and to atmospheric activities in general -- is apt. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Scarlet is more similar to an airborne glider than a submarine. Like the former, it has no engine to provide forward thrust or motion. It descends by pumping a small volume of water -- about a cup -- into its nose, causing that part of the glider to sink relative to the tail. Because of the unequal buoyancy along the fuselage and the action of its two stationary wings, the glider makes headway as it "flies" downward in the water column. To ascend, the reverse occurs: it pumps the water out of the nose, which then floats upward, pulling the rest of the glider with it. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The glider cannot travel forward at a fixed depth. Consequently, its course across the Atlantic took the form of a series of more than 10,000 dives and ascents, usually staying well below the surface. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">For many ocean creatures, the surface is where danger lies, and that was the case with Scarlet as well. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">The hazards were apparent early in the trip, when the glider crossed the shipping lanes off the East Coast and passed through the heavily fished offshore canyons and continental shelf. Over the past decade, Glenn and his fellow lead scientist, Oscar Schofield, have created an ocean observatory off the New Jersey coast, collecting current and temperature data of value to commercial fishermen and making it available for free. The fishermen, in turn, provided information about the location of ships and nets during the first treacherous week. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"Nets scare me," Schofield said last week. "Just as they are designed to catch fish, they will catch gliders." Scarlet stayed underwater for eight hours at a stretch, diving deep under nets and, with the peak of its ascents at 60 feet, keeping well below the draft of the biggest oceangoing vessels. A few times a day it would surface for a few minutes to get a new waypoint toward which to head. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"When we are in a danger zone, we really minimize our time at the surface and try to get back underwater," Schofield said. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">As a rule, though, there isn't much that bothers a glider. In November, the Rutgers team had a pack of four gliders off the Jersey shore, practicing what Schofield called "swarming behaviors." While they were out, a nor'easter came along the coast. The gliders stayed safely underwater, taking measurements of how the storm was reshaping the sea floor. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Going with the flow</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">For much of the recent trip, Scarlet rode the Gulf Stream, a powerful current that flows north and east off the coast of North America before crossing the Atlantic and dividing into several smaller currents off the west coast of Europe. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">But things got tricky when it began to approach Spain. The glider began to struggle against westbound currents. One option was to use Scarlet's rudder to head south, toward Portugal. The other was to go north, around the top of a large eddy, and then turn again east. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">At the suggestion of one of their Spanish collaborators, Antonio Gonzalez, the Rutgers team opted for the northern route. After all, it had worked before. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">In February 1493, Columbus's two-ship fleet returning from the New World faced a similar predicament. (The admiral's flagship, the Santa Maria, had wrecked off Haiti on Christmas Day 1492.) The Pinta and Niña had survived a big storm, but the Pinta was heavily damaged and had trouble making headway in the same currents Scarlet encountered. Her captain, Martín Alonso Pinzón , sailed north into calmer waters, while Columbus, on the Niña, sailed south. Pinzón eventually caught favorable southeast winds and landed in Baiona, Spain -- which, as it happens, is where the Spaniards turned Scarlet over to the Americans on Dec. 9. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"We had the spirit of Pinzón looking out for us in the final leg," Schofield said. </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Scarlet's struggle, however, was nothing compared with what befell the RU-17, a similar glider the Rutgers team attempted to get across the Atlantic last year. It collided with something underwater while it was off the Azores, triggering an emergency surfacing maneuver. It was leaking too much to save itself, however, and was lost. </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">"Something violent and strong hit it from below. There's not that much out there. If you're a betting man, shark is probably the answer," Schofield said. </SPAN>
<DIV><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><BR clear=all></SPAN></U> </DIV>
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<DIV><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><BR clear=all></SPAN></U> </DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.physorg.com/news180116595.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.physorg.com/news180116595.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><A href="http://www.physorg.com/news180125418.html" target=_blank rel=nofollow><FONT color=#800080>http://www.physorg.com/news180125418.html</FONT></A></SPAN>
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<H1 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Rare gender identity defect hits Gaza families</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"></SPAN></H1>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Other</SPAN></U>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">50 years of science sagas</SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"><FONT size=3>Additional Informational</FONT></SPAN></B>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">Mayas Saving Maya Culture- Video</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'"> </SPAN></B>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial', 'sans-serif'">An association of Tz’utujil Maya people from Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala, struggle to establish a cultural center and archaeological site museum at the nearby lakeside site of Chuitinamit, once home to the Pre-Hispanic Maya King Tepepul and now badly looted. Including a tour of the museum, this film documents their accomplishments thus far and current endeavors in the face of artifact looting and natural catastrophe in the form of Hurricane Stan, which struck in 2005.</SPAN>
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